Caribbean...Bengali...South Asian origins
Sunday 15 May 2011
You don't have to be British to live in London
A group of young men who took part in a rapping exhibition in London...2010
Caribbean...Bengali...South Asian origins
Caribbean...Bengali...South Asian origins
Pablo Picasso Presentation-2nd year at University
Cubism 1907-1914 AD512 Critical and Contextual Issues: Art and the 20th Century 2009/10
By Beverley Silvera
Mairead Kell
What we will cover:
Definition of Cubism
The origins of the name Cubism
Key artists and their work
Where does cubism fit in the art timeline and the influences on cubist art
Influences on cubist art
Legacy of the cubist movement
Definition of cubism
The Cubist style emphasized the flat, two- dimensional surface of the picture plane, rejecting the traditional techniques of perspective, foreshortening, modelling, and chiaroscuro and refuting time-honoured theories of art…Cubist Painters were not bound to coping form, texture, colour and space they presented a new reality in painting that depicted radically fragmented objects, whose several sides were seen simultaneously. (The Art History Archive)
Jean Metzinger (1883 – November 3, 1956) was a French painter, critic and poet…influenced by Fauvism and Impressionism…he argues that Cubism is the ‘deceptiveness of vision’. (Encyclopedia of Irish & World Art: 2010http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/index.htm)
Fracturing the picture plane into numerous facets, they were able to show the same object simultaneously from different angles.(Tate Britain)
Origins of the name Cubism
Cubism derived its name from remarks that were made by painter Henri Matisse and the critic Louis Vauxcelles, who derisively described Braque’s 1908 work “Houses at L’Estaque” as composed of cubes.
Timeline
ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS 3000 BC - 331 BC (BCE)
CLASSIC CIVILIZATIONS 800 BC - 337 AD (BCE-CE)
MIDDLE AGES 373 - 1453 AD (CE)
RENAISSANCE 1400 - 1800 AD (CE)
PRE-MODERN 1800 - 1880 AD (CE) Neo-Classicism 1750 - 1880 AD (USA: Federal/Greek Revival) (Canada: Georgian Style) Romanticism 1800 - 1880 AD (Canada: Victorian) Realism 1830's - 1850's AD Impressionism 1870's - 1890's AD
MODERNISM 1880 - 1945 AD (CE) Post Impressionism 1880 - 1900 AD Expressionism 1900 - 1920 AD Fauvism 1900 - 1920 AD Cubism 1907 - 1914 AD Dada 1916 - 1922 AD Bauhaus 1920s - 1940's AD Harlem Renaissance 1920s - 1940's AD Surrealism 1924 1920s - 1940's AD International Style 1920s - 1940's AD
MODERN & POST-MODERN 1945 AD - Present (CE) Abstract Expressionism 1945 - 1960 AD Op Art 1960s AD Pop Art 1960s AD Minimal Art 1960s AD New Realism 1970s - 1980s AD Conceptual Art 1970s - 1980s AD Performance Art 1970s - 1980s AD Neo-Expressionism 1980s - 1990s AD Computer Art 1980s - 1990s AD Post-Modern Classicism 1980s - 1990s AD Victorian Revival 1980s - 1990s AD
Picasso
1881-1973
Born in Spain but moved to Paris in 1900
Father was an art teacher
Attended art lessons from the age of 5
1892 entered the school of fine arts
His father declared he would never paint again after recognising his sons great talent
In 1896 he painted his first large scale
‘academic’ oil painting –
‘The First Communion’
Painter and a sculptor
Picasso didn’t draw in the same style as a typical child, he focused more on geometric lines and shapes to form facial features. This highly systematic approach to art would develop Picasso's remarkable sense of space and geometry and lay a foundation for the ease with which he would later be able to characterize an object with a single line.
The image is not from when he was 5 years old but is just to give an example of the style in which he was drawing.
When he started at The School of Fine Arts (where his dad worked) in Barcelona studying advanced classical art and still life he was already better than the final year students.
Gertrude Stein
Painted in 1905-6
Iberian Art influenced
Picasso’s art style radically
changed
His transition into Cubism
The portrait of Gertrude Stein a friend of Henri Mattisse was painted after Picasso had attended an exhibition at the Louvre in 1906 on Iberian sculpture…Iberia is the ancient name of Spain this was the period where Picasso’s style radically changed…like Matisse who became fascinated in the primitive form…which was described as ‘a lyrical manner of suggesting movement, it was Picasso who tried to ‘imprint on the face a sculptural intensity close to that of a mask’. According to Cezanne the inspiration for Picasso’s transformation into Cubism he was quoted in saying ‘all pre existing criteria of illustration or feeling have to be dissolved and converted into plastic energy’.
From Picasso’s portrait of Gertrude Stein which presented a sculptural element to his style influenced by Iberian sculpture…this iconic painting was a way of treating space and of expressing emotion…therefore this has become one of the most significant painting’s of the 20th century…(Emma Selina, 2007) stated that ‘It has long been acknowledged that Picasso derived considerable inspiration from so called “primitive” cultures. Numerous art historians have enumerated examples on this idea, citing the art of Ancient Egypt, Tahiti, and Africa as influences. The ancient art from Picasso’s propiopaís, or homeland, was no exception. In an interview with Christian Zevros in 1939 Picasso stated that the attribution of his forms to African art in Demoiselles d’Avignon was incorrect and that the real inspiration had come from Iberian sculpture’.
Three women – not truly cubist but significant in the emergence of the style.
Braque
1882 – 1963
Went to a local art school but moved to Paris in 1902 to continue study
In 1907 he met Picasso and within 3 years invented analytical cubism
The only artist to collaborate with Picasso as an equal
In 1961 he became the first living artist to have his work exhibited in the Louvre
‘Monsieur Braque is a very daring young man. The bewildering example of Picasso and Derain has emboldened him. Perhaps, too, the style of Cezanne and reminiscences of the static art of the Egyiptians have obsessed him disproportionately. He constructs deformed metallic men, terribly simplified. He despises form, reduces everything, places and figures and houses, to geometrical schemas, to cubes. He is honest.’ Louis vauxcelles
From 1907 they worked so closely together, exploring the planes and facets of the same subjects matter, that some of their work is said to appear almost identical.
Georges Braque developed his painting skills while working for his father, a house decorator. He moved to Paris in 1900 to study where he was drawn to the work of the Fauve artists, including Matisse, Derain and Dufy, as well as the late landscapes of Cézanne. Meeting Picasso marked a huge turning point in Braque's development and together they evolved as leaders of Cubism. After a brief interlude in which he was called up to fight in the First World War, Braque's style developed in the direction he was to follow for the rest of his life. In establishing the principle that a work of art should be autonomous and not merely imitate nature.
Juan Gris
1887-1927
A Spanish-born French painter
Attended the School of Arts and Manufacturing in Madrid
Left Madrid in 1906 and moved to Paris
Became friends with Picasso and Braque
First Cubist painting in 1912
He is called the Third Musketeer of Cubism, and actually pushed Cubism further until his untimely death on May 11th 1927 at the age of 39
Allocated Legacy of Cubism
Jacob Lawrence
1917-2000
African-American Harlem Renaissance Expressionist
Born in Atlantic City
1924 moved to Harlem, New York
with his mother and siblings
Trained as a painter
Depicted life in Harlem and America
First black artist to be represented in the
Museum Of Modern Art, New York
References
Art History Guide (2010)
Available at: http://www.arthistoryguide.com/
(Accessed: 29 February 2010).
Blistene, B. (2001) A History of 20th Century Art. France: BeauxArts
Cavallaro, D (2000) Art for Beginners. London: Writers and Readers, Inc
Cezanne, P (1899-1906)
Large Bathers [Oil on canvas]
[Online].
Available at: http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/cezanne/bath/l
(Accessed: 3 March 2010).
Clark, Judith (2002) The Illustrated History Of Art. Leicester: Quintet Publishing Ltd.
Cooper, D. (1971) The Cubist Epoch. Phaidon Publishers: New York
Cubism (1971) Available at: http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/cubism/
(Accessed:
12th February 2009)
Davila, Jane. (2007) Jacob Lawrence.
Available at: http://raggedclothcafe.com/2007/05/09/jacob-lawrence-by-jane-davila/
(Accessed: 14th February 2010)
Emma Selina (2007 ) Picasso in Dimension: Born of an Ancient Synthesis
How the Ancient Greeks revolutionized Iberian sculpture and shaped modern art
http://emmatipping.blogspot.com/
Fry, E. (1978) Cubism. Thames and Hudson: London
Hughes, R. Jacob Lawrence (2010)
Available at: http://www.artchive.com/artchive/L/lawrence.html
(Accessed: 14th February 2010).
Lucie-Smith, E (2010) Juan Gris.
Available at: http://www.artchive.com/artchive/L/lawrence.html
(Accessed: 14th February 2010)
Moffat, C. (2010) Pablo Picasso The Most Famous Artist of the 20th Century
Available at: http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/cubism/Pablo-Picasso.html
(Accessed: 14th February 2010).
Monet, C (1872)
Impression: Sunrise [Oil on canvas]
[Online].
Available at: http://www.artchive.com/artchive/M/monet/sunrise.jpg.htm
(Accessed: 3 March 2010).
Movements of Modern Art (2010)
Available at: http://www.tendreams.org/movements.ht(Accessed: 14th February
2010).
Paul Cezanne - Bathers (2010)
Available at:
http://www.zazzle.co.uk/paul_cezanne_bathers_postcard-239201248200041989
(Accessed: 3 March 2010).
Picasso, P. (1906)Les Demoiselles d’Avignon[Oil on canvas] Museum of Modern Art
online [Online]. Available at: http://www.moma.org (Accessed: 14th February 2010).
Selina, E. (2007 ) Picasso in Dimension: Born of an Ancient Synthesis
How the Ancient Greeks revolutionized Iberian sculpture and shaped modern art
Available at: http://emmatipping.blogspot.com/
(Accessed: 14 February 2010).
Williams, R (2004) Art Theory. Blackwell Publishing Ltd: London
By Beverley Silvera
Mairead Kell
What we will cover:
Definition of Cubism
The origins of the name Cubism
Key artists and their work
Where does cubism fit in the art timeline and the influences on cubist art
Influences on cubist art
Legacy of the cubist movement
Definition of cubism
The Cubist style emphasized the flat, two- dimensional surface of the picture plane, rejecting the traditional techniques of perspective, foreshortening, modelling, and chiaroscuro and refuting time-honoured theories of art…Cubist Painters were not bound to coping form, texture, colour and space they presented a new reality in painting that depicted radically fragmented objects, whose several sides were seen simultaneously. (The Art History Archive)
Jean Metzinger (1883 – November 3, 1956) was a French painter, critic and poet…influenced by Fauvism and Impressionism…he argues that Cubism is the ‘deceptiveness of vision’. (Encyclopedia of Irish & World Art: 2010http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/index.htm)
Fracturing the picture plane into numerous facets, they were able to show the same object simultaneously from different angles.(Tate Britain)
Origins of the name Cubism
Cubism derived its name from remarks that were made by painter Henri Matisse and the critic Louis Vauxcelles, who derisively described Braque’s 1908 work “Houses at L’Estaque” as composed of cubes.
Timeline
ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS 3000 BC - 331 BC (BCE)
CLASSIC CIVILIZATIONS 800 BC - 337 AD (BCE-CE)
MIDDLE AGES 373 - 1453 AD (CE)
RENAISSANCE 1400 - 1800 AD (CE)
PRE-MODERN 1800 - 1880 AD (CE) Neo-Classicism 1750 - 1880 AD (USA: Federal/Greek Revival) (Canada: Georgian Style) Romanticism 1800 - 1880 AD (Canada: Victorian) Realism 1830's - 1850's AD Impressionism 1870's - 1890's AD
MODERNISM 1880 - 1945 AD (CE) Post Impressionism 1880 - 1900 AD Expressionism 1900 - 1920 AD Fauvism 1900 - 1920 AD Cubism 1907 - 1914 AD Dada 1916 - 1922 AD Bauhaus 1920s - 1940's AD Harlem Renaissance 1920s - 1940's AD Surrealism 1924 1920s - 1940's AD International Style 1920s - 1940's AD
MODERN & POST-MODERN 1945 AD - Present (CE) Abstract Expressionism 1945 - 1960 AD Op Art 1960s AD Pop Art 1960s AD Minimal Art 1960s AD New Realism 1970s - 1980s AD Conceptual Art 1970s - 1980s AD Performance Art 1970s - 1980s AD Neo-Expressionism 1980s - 1990s AD Computer Art 1980s - 1990s AD Post-Modern Classicism 1980s - 1990s AD Victorian Revival 1980s - 1990s AD
Picasso
1881-1973
Born in Spain but moved to Paris in 1900
Father was an art teacher
Attended art lessons from the age of 5
1892 entered the school of fine arts
His father declared he would never paint again after recognising his sons great talent
In 1896 he painted his first large scale
‘academic’ oil painting –
‘The First Communion’
Painter and a sculptor
Picasso didn’t draw in the same style as a typical child, he focused more on geometric lines and shapes to form facial features. This highly systematic approach to art would develop Picasso's remarkable sense of space and geometry and lay a foundation for the ease with which he would later be able to characterize an object with a single line.
The image is not from when he was 5 years old but is just to give an example of the style in which he was drawing.
When he started at The School of Fine Arts (where his dad worked) in Barcelona studying advanced classical art and still life he was already better than the final year students.
Gertrude Stein
Painted in 1905-6
Iberian Art influenced
Picasso’s art style radically
changed
His transition into Cubism
The portrait of Gertrude Stein a friend of Henri Mattisse was painted after Picasso had attended an exhibition at the Louvre in 1906 on Iberian sculpture…Iberia is the ancient name of Spain this was the period where Picasso’s style radically changed…like Matisse who became fascinated in the primitive form…which was described as ‘a lyrical manner of suggesting movement, it was Picasso who tried to ‘imprint on the face a sculptural intensity close to that of a mask’. According to Cezanne the inspiration for Picasso’s transformation into Cubism he was quoted in saying ‘all pre existing criteria of illustration or feeling have to be dissolved and converted into plastic energy’.
From Picasso’s portrait of Gertrude Stein which presented a sculptural element to his style influenced by Iberian sculpture…this iconic painting was a way of treating space and of expressing emotion…therefore this has become one of the most significant painting’s of the 20th century…(Emma Selina, 2007) stated that ‘It has long been acknowledged that Picasso derived considerable inspiration from so called “primitive” cultures. Numerous art historians have enumerated examples on this idea, citing the art of Ancient Egypt, Tahiti, and Africa as influences. The ancient art from Picasso’s propiopaís, or homeland, was no exception. In an interview with Christian Zevros in 1939 Picasso stated that the attribution of his forms to African art in Demoiselles d’Avignon was incorrect and that the real inspiration had come from Iberian sculpture’.
Three women – not truly cubist but significant in the emergence of the style.
Braque
1882 – 1963
Went to a local art school but moved to Paris in 1902 to continue study
In 1907 he met Picasso and within 3 years invented analytical cubism
The only artist to collaborate with Picasso as an equal
In 1961 he became the first living artist to have his work exhibited in the Louvre
‘Monsieur Braque is a very daring young man. The bewildering example of Picasso and Derain has emboldened him. Perhaps, too, the style of Cezanne and reminiscences of the static art of the Egyiptians have obsessed him disproportionately. He constructs deformed metallic men, terribly simplified. He despises form, reduces everything, places and figures and houses, to geometrical schemas, to cubes. He is honest.’ Louis vauxcelles
From 1907 they worked so closely together, exploring the planes and facets of the same subjects matter, that some of their work is said to appear almost identical.
Georges Braque developed his painting skills while working for his father, a house decorator. He moved to Paris in 1900 to study where he was drawn to the work of the Fauve artists, including Matisse, Derain and Dufy, as well as the late landscapes of Cézanne. Meeting Picasso marked a huge turning point in Braque's development and together they evolved as leaders of Cubism. After a brief interlude in which he was called up to fight in the First World War, Braque's style developed in the direction he was to follow for the rest of his life. In establishing the principle that a work of art should be autonomous and not merely imitate nature.
Juan Gris
1887-1927
A Spanish-born French painter
Attended the School of Arts and Manufacturing in Madrid
Left Madrid in 1906 and moved to Paris
Became friends with Picasso and Braque
First Cubist painting in 1912
He is called the Third Musketeer of Cubism, and actually pushed Cubism further until his untimely death on May 11th 1927 at the age of 39
Allocated Legacy of Cubism
Jacob Lawrence
1917-2000
African-American Harlem Renaissance Expressionist
Born in Atlantic City
1924 moved to Harlem, New York
with his mother and siblings
Trained as a painter
Depicted life in Harlem and America
First black artist to be represented in the
Museum Of Modern Art, New York
References
Art History Guide (2010)
Available at: http://www.arthistoryguide.com/
(Accessed: 29 February 2010).
Blistene, B. (2001) A History of 20th Century Art. France: BeauxArts
Cavallaro, D (2000) Art for Beginners. London: Writers and Readers, Inc
Cezanne, P (1899-1906)
Large Bathers [Oil on canvas]
[Online].
Available at: http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/cezanne/bath/l
(Accessed: 3 March 2010).
Clark, Judith (2002) The Illustrated History Of Art. Leicester: Quintet Publishing Ltd.
Cooper, D. (1971) The Cubist Epoch. Phaidon Publishers: New York
Cubism (1971) Available at: http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/cubism/
(Accessed:
12th February 2009)
Davila, Jane. (2007) Jacob Lawrence.
Available at: http://raggedclothcafe.com/2007/05/09/jacob-lawrence-by-jane-davila/
(Accessed: 14th February 2010)
Emma Selina (2007 ) Picasso in Dimension: Born of an Ancient Synthesis
How the Ancient Greeks revolutionized Iberian sculpture and shaped modern art
http://emmatipping.blogspot.com/
Fry, E. (1978) Cubism. Thames and Hudson: London
Hughes, R. Jacob Lawrence (2010)
Available at: http://www.artchive.com/artchive/L/lawrence.html
(Accessed: 14th February 2010).
Lucie-Smith, E (2010) Juan Gris.
Available at: http://www.artchive.com/artchive/L/lawrence.html
(Accessed: 14th February 2010)
Moffat, C. (2010) Pablo Picasso The Most Famous Artist of the 20th Century
Available at: http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/cubism/Pablo-Picasso.html
(Accessed: 14th February 2010).
Monet, C (1872)
Impression: Sunrise [Oil on canvas]
[Online].
Available at: http://www.artchive.com/artchive/M/monet/sunrise.jpg.htm
(Accessed: 3 March 2010).
Movements of Modern Art (2010)
Available at: http://www.tendreams.org/movements.ht(Accessed: 14th February
2010).
Paul Cezanne - Bathers (2010)
Available at:
http://www.zazzle.co.uk/paul_cezanne_bathers_postcard-239201248200041989
(Accessed: 3 March 2010).
Picasso, P. (1906)Les Demoiselles d’Avignon[Oil on canvas] Museum of Modern Art
online [Online]. Available at: http://www.moma.org (Accessed: 14th February 2010).
Selina, E. (2007 ) Picasso in Dimension: Born of an Ancient Synthesis
How the Ancient Greeks revolutionized Iberian sculpture and shaped modern art
Available at: http://emmatipping.blogspot.com/
(Accessed: 14 February 2010).
Williams, R (2004) Art Theory. Blackwell Publishing Ltd: London
Being Creative 2
My Knowledge and Wisdom T-shirts.
Or
Ethos T-shirts.
Concept: My ethos
In order to hide information from people hide it in a book, some people don’t read.
My ethos is to spread historical knowledge and inspirational affirmations once quoted by people of importance, as well as the remaining population of the world. By using self-advertising, people advertise thoughts, reasoning, wisdom and history, through words written on their T-shirts.
VOCABULARY/QUOTE
QUOTECABULARY
QUOTABULARY
T-shirts/words/quotes to inspire, discuss, provoke, to think, to be.
Commission graffiti artists, stencil, and spray, use children alphabet blocks etc
Use African, Caribbean, Indian history World history
Ethos: Characteristic spirit and beliefs.
This is a form of attention, which are good intentions.
The distinctive habitual character and disposition of an individual, group, race.
My ethos = is to leave a legacy, I want to be remembered for impacting the human development.
Quotes to use on the front of my t-shirts.
Quotes to use on the back of the neck on my t-shirts.
0.Is this plagiarism?
1.Emancipate yourself from mental slavery-Bob Marley. (Redemption song)
2.Ethos. n. The distinctive habitual character and disposition of an individual, group, race.
3.There’s nothing to fear but fear it’s self.
4.Every man/woman has a right to decide his/her own destiny. Bob Marley.
5.Death is the greatest adventure.
6.History-Herstory
7.Every seven years there are major changes in life.
8.My vision is my religion.
9.Ludavic-Ruler of Italy –15th Century. Commissioned Leonardo De Vinci to paint the last supper. He was a MOOR -black Arab.
10.Othello-Blackamoor
11.Genuine love is the path in the life to substantial joy.
12. The more I love the longer I love, the larger I become.
13.Genuine love is self replenishing.
14.As I grow through love, so grows my joy, ever more present ever more constant.
15.The more I nurture the spiritual growth of others, the more my own spiritual growth is nurtured.
16. I am a totally selfish human being. I never do something for somebody else but that I do it for myself.
17.Love is everywhere, I see it. You are all that you can be, go on and be it. Life is not perfect I believe it. Come and play the game with me. I’ll prove it.-John Denver.
18.Without the discipline of genuine love, freedom is invariably non loving and destruction.
19.Free love is an ideal.
20.Freedom an discipline.
21.Any genuinely loving relationship is a disciplined relationship
.
22.THE PHOMENIC ALPHABET AS CHART-TRANSLATE WORDS
23.Passion is a feeling of great depth.
24.Shallow brooks are noisy-still waters run deep.
25.Genuine love involves an extension of oneself.
26.One’s feelings are the source of one’s energy.
27.To attempt love someone who cannot benefit from your love with spiritual growth is to waste your energy.
28. Genuine love is precious.
29. Energy self discipline derives from love, which is a form of will.
30.Self discipline is usually love translated into action.
31.Quotes from LYRISIS.
32.Spirit has no colour.
33.Music is the essence of who we are.
34.A woman’s charm is not an illusion.
35.You are not lost; you have not yet been discovered.
36.When we look far enough back into Yoga and India’s spirituality we meet our African Ancestors.
37.Dalit is the name given to India’s African/black population-Gandhi called the Harijans-Children of GOD.
38.Dalit –Hebrew word meaning broken, crushed.
39.Renaissance period-Painters deliberately painted in their painting
40. Your mouth is the gateway to your body.
41.Men are simulated by sight. Women are stimulated by voice.
42.No man is an island.
43.As life gets hard, as it often will, you must remember that it’s GOD’S will.
44An horizon is an imaginary line you see when you walk towards it.
45.My life is one big drama.
46.Intoxicated by the energy we’ve ignited.
47. Identify the most successful person at work, and follow, learn from example. -King of the hill-Hank
48.Not everything that is faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed, until it is fixed. –James Baldwin.
49.Believing is seeing
50.Seeing is believing.
51.Chocholic
n. 1.a person who will do anything for chocolate.
2.a.person who indulges in the heavy consumption of choc late.
52.My vision is my religion.
53.Energy never dies it only changes-Einstein
54.Love is something you deserve.
55. How do I know I exist?
56.How do you know you exist?
57.Life without pleasure is only half lived.
58.Never let go of that fiery sadness called desire.
59.You make your own luck.
60.Work for a purpose.
61. Any fool can pull a trigger-Bruce Lee –Enter the dragon.
62.I have a dream. -Martin Luther King.
63. Become the changes you want to see. -Gandhi
64.Anything is possible-will, determination, struggle, hard work, suffering, great people suffer. List names Diana, Oprah, Martin Luther, Richard Prior etc
65.Keep your heart in wonder at the daily miracles of life.
66.Living in fear is a life half lived.
67.Women wear your wrinkles like a badge of honour.
68.Turn disasters into opportunities.
69.Everything looks better after lunch. -Winston Churchill.
70.The unexpected always happens.
71.Aim high to live high!
73.The opposite of love is not hate. It’s indifference, the fact that you hate me tells me you still care. There’s still a connection between us. -Brie Desperate Housewives.
74.Winners make thing’s happen-Losers let thing’s happen.
75.All wars are holy wars.
76.Most important part of our culture is our family.
77.Students of mystery.
78.The development of religion of most people is obviously their culture.
79.Falling in love involves a collapse of ego boundaries and diminution of the normal sense of separation that exists between individuals.
80.The job of a parent is to be of use to a child and not to use the child for personal satisfaction.
81.Love is an intangible, incompletely measurable and supernatural phenomenon.
82.Genetically talented means beautiful image of the face.
82.Genetically talented means successful, creative intelligent, smart, sincere, confident, and opinionated, etc
83.My DNA. -Who am I?
84.
58% - Sub Saharan African
34% -European
7% -South American (Tainos)
1% -Other
85.Tainos-(tie eno) -(tie ino)
Native Americans-Travelled from South Americans.
Original inhabitants of Jamaica.
Awarwaks were the second.
They both lived side by side.
86.Severing of those forms of human relationships that were most precious to the Africans, the ties with family, kinsfolk, and tribe, relationship that governed the behaviour, thinking and life of each individual. African.
87.Indenture was a form of servitude that was most common in Maryland, in the 18th century.1/6 of the population was made up of white serfs, servitude for them was limited. African slaves were forced into perpetual servitude.
88.Narcissism-Sensual gratification found in one’s own body, excessive self admiration.
89.Narcissistic –adjective.
90.Puncualatity is the virtue or the bored.
91.We are defined by our colour everyone else is defined by their race We are not black, but Afro-Caribbean, Afro Guyana, Afro- British etc
You don’t hear people saying yellow (Chinese) brown (Indian), no! It’s Asian Italian Polish Spanish etc.
92. The 1st civilisation in India was called the Indus Valley civilisation, which was founded by the Dravidians. The Africans of India, who migrated from Africa.
93.India was once part of Africa.
94.Theystill say to hide information from Africans hide it in a book because they don’t read. …. Prove them wrong.
95.Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
96. A degree is a level of commitment.
97.Spirit has no colour.
98.Music is the essence of who we are.
99.Love is a gamble
I’m so glad
I’m winning
Luther Van dross
100.1,000 kisses are never too much.
101.Theystill say to hide information from Africans hide it in a book because they don’t read. –Well sorry mate I’m sharing what I know.
102. I affirm of Jamaica that we are a great people. Out of the fire and suffering and neglect, the human spirit has survived-patient and strong quick to anger quick to forgive, lusty and vigorous. But with deep reserves of loyalty and love and a deep stress and for joy in all the things that make life a good and blessed one. -
Norman Manley one time Prime minister of Jamaica. Words spoken towards the end of his life.
103.Up, you mighty race. -Marcus Gravey.
104.It is out of your own minds out of your own faith in yourselves out or your own conviction about the future of the country that the spirit of national unity and of patriotism will be built. -Norman Manley
105.Many African societies see to it that the young learn the genealogies of their descent. A sense of depth, historical belongingness, a feeling of deep rooted ness and a sense of a sacred obligation to extend the genealogical line. African tribes see God as participating in human history. They do not sever man from his total environment, so that in effect human history is cosmic history, it is HIS/HER universe. He/She is active in it and apparent silence may be a feature of his divine activity.
106.Souls are seen to be the same in their aspirations.
107.
You stole my history
Destroyed my culture
Cut out my tongue
So I can’t communicate
You mediate
And separate
So myself I should hate
Jimmy Cliff
108.If people are shaped by the view that they are made into history by some chosen few who are the real makers of history, you stabilize from being dominant to being dominated. If we could ever succeed in planting in people, not only the idea but the fact, in their consciousness, that they are the makers of history hen you alter the relationship between them and those who hold them in their hands.
109.People of Africa and Asia are said to be victims of Europeans, but seldom in their own right as people with history and cultures of their own, with a past and present and future which must be understood In terms of their own actual character and circumstances.
110.Europe created a society that was totally immoral. Legislation made the African slave, male or female, property a chattel no longer a person. In doing so the concept of the family as a basic social unit was destroyed.
111. The white owner exercised the functions of the father as protector, provider, source of authority etc. The natural father was downgraded to progenitor ancestor and the woman from mother to breeder.
112.The young of slaves stand on the same footing as other animals. The master was owner, not the parent. Women were breeder’s animals whose monetary value could be precisely calculated in terms of their ability to multiply their numbers.
113.United States Civil Rights Act 1957
114.Marcus Garvey Day 19/8/…
115.Jamaican Independence Day 6/8/…
116.Toussaint L’Ouverture-Defeated the armies of Napoleon and took Haiti to independence.
117.The AST Atlantic Slave Trade 1875 10.000,000 Africans were brought as slaves to plantation America.
2,000,000 were bought to Jamaica.
118.Print flags of the Caribbean and USA and Africa
119. Self esteem and questioning pride in racial ancestry are powerful motivating forces.
120. African identity, as essential steps to power and in the first instance to self determination.
121. African the cradle of mankind and our original homeland.
121.Urban civilisation in Mesopotamia the land between the Tigris and Euphrates, Egypt and the valley of the Nile, the valley of the Indus and the valley of the yellow river in China.
123. The basic unity of human beings and of membership in one family is the Human Race.
124.
Say is my skin beautiful
Soft as velvet
As deep as the blackness of a weeping night.
125.Jamaica’s greatest stories-New Day by Victor Stafford Reid.
126.
The whole reason for my writing is to have the black people (Africans) proud of themselves and their history.-Victor Stafford Reid..
127.Africa has all the main races of the world and each group can rightly claim to be African.
128.
Ethnologists and Anthropologies have classified them (Africans) broadly as follows:
1.Bushmanoid people with light yellowish skin are found in parts of eastern/southern Africa.
2. Caucasoid people with light to medium brown and pink skin in Southern, eastern and northern Africa.
3. Mongoloid people whose skin pigmentation ranges from black to brown, yellow and pink.
4. Negroid people black to dark brown and brown, who are from almost everywhere in Africa.
5. Pygmoid people with light-brown yellowish skins.
129.
African Negroid people contributed to the growth of Egyptian civilisation and that Negroid people were using tools and planting grain 6,000 years before the Egyptians.
130.The oldest Pyramid-Built 2,600 years before Christ.
131.You better know yourself!
132.The ruined city of Stone-Zimbabwe
133. The biblical city of Ophir- seaport of King’s Solomon’s ships.
134.1655-English Colonial Rule in Jamaica.
135.
Human history began in Africa the original homeland of the groups of Nomadic hunters who first moved into Asia and Europe. And whose descendents moved from Siberia into the Americas many millennia later.
136. 150 years of enslavement.
137.Money and colour count for more than anything else--Marcus Garvey.
138.
Three great leaders came out of the emerging Urban Civilisation.
Sargon- The king of the city of Kish.
Established the empire building phase followed by Assyrians, Babylonians, Egyptians and Hellenes then………spread worldwide.
Abraham the father of the Jewish people. Moses who led the Jews out of bondage.
Taharka-Pharaoh at 42 years old
139.
Migration from Africa
Hunters and food gathers from Asia, not Europeans were the first colonisers of the new world. More than 40,000 years ago. They changed appearance through climate change.
The first nomads travelled to the Caribbean and developed into Tainos and Carib Indians. Both groups of people spoke a common language ARAWAKAN. Hence the Arawak Indians.
140.
Mayas of Central America, Inca of South America, Tolteca and Aztecs travelled to the Caribbean and developed into Tainos and Caribs.
141.Jamaica was inhabited by the Tainos between AD 600 and 900 Arawak Indian were first freedom fighters of Jamaica.
142. Blue Mountains was a refuge for the Awarwaks Indians, the Spanish conquered the island of Jamaica before the arrival of the first Africans.
143.
Tainos/Caribs
Arawak Indians-Asians
Maroons-Africans
144.
As early as 3372BC at the time of the Egyptians were developing the use of numerals. Mayas of Central America, Inca of South America, Toltecs of South America and Actecs of Mexico used a form of picture writing, religious institutional accounts on bark and on stone.
Aztecs were applying the concept of zero 1,000 years before the Europeans acquired this knowledge from India..
145.
Between 2000 BC AND 3000 BC, groups of these nomads left tropical forests of Venezuela and Guyana and Yucatan Peninsula. To explore nearby coastal waters of the Caribbean.
146.Caribs chose the Southern islands and Tainos evolved in the region of by Puerto Rico, Hispaniola HISPANIA, Cuba, Jamaica, and Bahamas island.
147.1492-Carib and Tainos first encounter Europeans.
148.Yamaye-Jamaica
149. Being smart is COOL.
150.The Maroon phenomenon came about after the capture of the island by the English.
151. Spanish slaves –Owned by the King of Spain
152.Slavery was a way of life like the Greeks and Egyptian until it became violent when the English became involved.
153.Mulattoes-Africans and European descendents
154.The Roman Catholic was in control of Jamaica.
155.
Only a few Africans were on the island of Jamaica with the population mainly Tainos-original people of Jamaica.
156. Tainos-original people of Jamaica originated in Asia travelled and lived in islands around the Caribbean.
157. The African bloodline in Jamaica began with a small group who arrived with their Spanish colonists in 1509.
158.English speaking white Jamaicans began when the English took Jamaica from the Spanish in 1655.
160.Elizabeth the first warranted deportation of Africans.
162. British history has to include slavery.
163. Black Madonna-Russia
164.
Jamaica was made up of Tainos/Arawak Indians. Africans were brought there to build numbers and then became prominently African-Jamaicans.
165.
Traditional Pygmy (African) hymn.
In the beginning was God.
Today is God
Tomorrow will be God
Who can make an image of God?
He has no body
He is a word, which comes out of your mouth
That word, it is no more
It is past and still it lives
So is God.
God governs the universe he life of Mankind.
166.Children are buds of expectation and hope.
167.Ghana and Nigeria the ancestral homeland of Africa Jamaicans. Ashanti people/Yoruba/Ibo/Ibibio of Nigeria
168.African Brazilians-Closet ties with Angola –African. Americans of South Carolina with Angola, Benin.
169.
African –American and African American - the fact that deep within him, nurtured by his experience and culture, there was an irreducible core of free, creative, spontaneous human nature of some elementary sense of identity, dignity and worth that empowered him to resist, those who sought to transform him, a person into a useful tool, a slave.
170.For with the gift of children, the family, tribe the nation will die.
171. When African men and women entered Africa they were already educated and steeped in their national culture.
172. The culture contained amongst them a tradition of warriors, female warriors.
173. Slavery is as old as Man; it was not limited to one race or class it was not for Africans only. In the view of the ancients it was a law nature to which all humans were subjects, Europe, Asia, Africa contained slave taking and holdings.
174.There were internal and external markets well before the Atlantic slave trade.
175.
Celts, Nubian, Africans, Numidians, and Gauls, were all found in the old world. Throughout the Mediterranean, the Black sea region, the Middle East, India and the Far East.
176. Slav-denoted a member of the largest linguistic and ethnic European group includes Slovaks, Serbs, Croats, and Russian etc.
177. Africans were found in Persia, Basra, Bahrain, and Ganges.
178.African contributed to the armies of the Muslims of North Africa.
179.The old African slave trade the Atlantic slave trade made it possible for slaves to be integrated into society. He was inferior because of his status as a slave not because of his colour.
180.
Atlantic slave trade-1415
When the Portuguese conquered Centa opposite Gibraltar.
181.Being devout Catholics the Portuguese it was a religions duty to take Muslim prisoners.
182. Nuno Tristao in 1441 brought back the slaves form the coast of Africa south of Cape Bojador.
183. 1443 the island of Arguin was found
184. 8/8/1444 the first public sale of slaves was held in Lagos
185. The Tainos inhabited the islands of the Caribbean for hundreds of years before Christopher Columbus in 1492.
186. Dominicans are of mixed European and African ancestry.
187. Nanny of Jamaica was a Maroon -Maroon runaway groups men and women of Jamaica.
188.
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Leader of the only successful slave revolution in history. Als helped the ending of slavery throughout the western hemisphere.
189. Sam Sharpe-Helped the emancipation of Jamaica.
190.Trans-Sahara trade was first Atlantic slave trade was second
191.
Africa was the source of manpower. Caribbean and Brazil were producers of the plantation commodities. Europe was the market for the commodities. Between 1500 and 1880 11,000,000 Africans were moved by force, from the west coast of Africa.
192. Portuguese started the slave trade but it was the Dutch, French, English and other European countries made it Hell.
193. 400 years of slavery.
194.
Indus Civilisation-Dravidians first settlers from African to build India’s first great civilisation.
195.King Solomon/Queen of Sheba
196.Spanish Jamaica.
197.Thomas Jefferson-equal and exact justice to all men, freedom of the press and freedom of person.
198.The largest and most famous of all moroon settlements in Brazil was the Negro Republic of Palmares.
199.The Palmares republic stands as a remarkable example of the abity of the African to create a centralized kingdom with an elaeted ruler out pf a large number of people from various groups from Africa and from various groups in Brazil.
200.The Ashanti wars helped slavery as the Ashantis became a slave dealing state.
201.
1670’s large numbers o Africans began to expand the sugar plantations. 1658-1,4000 slaves were bought to the island. 1664-8,000, 1673-9,500, 1703-45,000 1701-1810 one hundred years Jamaica had an increase of 662,000 African slaves. Many were bought from Ghana, Nigeria and Benin.
202.
Ashanti and Coromanti were known as the most turbulent and desperate people on the coast of Guinea. They were accustomed to was from infancy, energetic of mind, hard and robust. They brought with them huge ideas of independence, they were dangerous inmates of the West Indian plantations.
From the Akan speaking people, the Fon people of then Dahomey, the Yoruba from the forested region of the Niger, the Ibo from the eastern region of modern Nigeria, the Ibibio and Efik speaking people from the delta of the Niger and the Calaber river came the men and women who shaped Jamaican history in the eighteenth century. From them came those who led the first uprising which started the first maroon war.
203.William Thorpe- 1857. The first African British to be awarded the Victoria Cross. Served for 25 years to the British. Born in Canada, the on of slaves.
204. William Gordon. 1893. The second African to be awarded the Victoria Cross.
205.Carbon from a cremated body can be turned into a diamond.
206. The Northern Lights. Changed particles turned to energy, which mixes to create light. ARAWA
207. You don’t need to be defined by your past-Nigella Lawson
208.You double your power if you stare at yourself in the mirror.
209. Super fly chic.
210.Who needs ambition when you have security.
211. There’s nothing to fear but fear it self.
212. I am not a colour I am a person of African descent.
213Winners make thing’s happen. Losers let thing’s happen.
214. Fashion fades style is eternal.-YSL
215.Jon E B GOOD COLLECTION
216.Cheeky Chappy.
217. RAR-Rules and Regulations
218.V.I.P=Very important person.
219.As black as night.
220.The British Dream.
221. D.I.Y – Do it yourself.
222. It’s only through hhistory that we know we exist.- Blackbeard-Pirate real name TEACH.
223.The further backwards you look the further forward you will see.-Winston Churchill.
224.Jazz is like listening to colours.
224.Love is a gamble, I’m so glad, I’m winning-Luther Vandross
225.1,000 Kisses is never too much.
226.To reach people you have to give them a ppiece of themselves.-Marvin Gaye.
227.ROYEL.
228.Imagination is more powerful than knowledge. Knowledge is limited, imagination circles the world.-Winston Churchill.
229.When we look far enough back into yoga and India’s spirituality we meet our Arfican Ancestors.
230.Any fool can pull a trigger.-Bruce Lee-Enter the dragon.
231.Believin g is seeing.
232.Men are stimulated by sight. Women are stimulated by voice.
234.Punctuality is the virtue of the bored.
235.
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